With gigafactory plans multiplying across Europe, the next challenge is building a cell industry that can actually compete, amid rising costs in Europe and

What are the most immediate barriers to scaling cell production in Europe?

Can domestic CAM/pCAM supply grow fast enough to support competitive production?

How do energy costs, permitting, and labour challenges shape the business case?

Are offtake agreements with OEMs materialising at the scale needed ' and what's holding them back?

What role should governments and automakers play in derisking demand and financing growth?

Which operating models ' joint ventures, licensing, vertical integration ' are proving most viable?